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Research on Taurine for Cats

A curated collection of peer-reviewed studies and clinical research on taurine's essential role in feline health — heart function, vision, immunity, and development.

The first studies on the effects of taurine on feline health began in the 1970s, when researchers discovered that cats cannot synthesize sufficient taurine on their own — making it a truly essential dietary amino acid for the species.

The research that followed has revealed taurine's critical role across virtually every system in a cat's body: the heart, the eyes, the immune system, the nervous system, and reproductive health. A landmark 1987 paper in Science demonstrated that taurine deficiency was responsible for fatal heart disease in thousands of pet cats — and that supplementation could reverse it.

Despite improvements to commercial cat food formulations, modern processing methods — high-heat extrusion, canning, and sterilization — continue to degrade taurine content significantly. Research shows that heat-processed diets produce 100x greater taurine degradation by gut bacteria compared to the same diet frozen-preserved. Many cats may not be receiving optimal levels from diet alone.

The titles of the studies compiled to date are listed below. Click on the titles to read the studies.

Landmark & Foundational Studies

  1. Myocardial Failure in Cats Associated with Low Plasma Taurine: A Reversible Cardiomyopathy
    Pion PD, Kittleson MD, Rogers QR, Morris JG — Science, 237(4816):764–768 1987
  2. Retinal Degeneration Associated with Taurine Deficiency in the Cat
    Hayes KC, Carey RE, Schmidt SY — Science, 188(4191):949–951 1975
  3. Taurine: An Essential Nutrient for the Cat
    Knopf K, Sturman JA, Armstrong M, Hayes KC — Journal of Nutrition, 108(5):773–778 1978
  4. Taurine Deficiency Syndrome in Cats
    Hayes KC, Trautwein EA — Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 19(3):403–413 1989

Heart Health & Cardiomyopathy

  1. Response of Cats with Dilated Cardiomyopathy to Taurine Supplementation
    Pion PD, Kittleson MD, Thomas WP, Skiles ML, Rogers QR — J Am Vet Med Assoc, 201(2):275–284 1992
  2. Echocardiographic Evidence for Myocardial Failure Induced by Taurine Deficiency in Domestic Cats
    Novotny MJ, Hogan PM, Flannigan G — American Journal of Veterinary Research, 55(5):620–626 1994
  3. Clinical Findings in Cats with Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Relationship of Findings to Taurine Deficiency
    Pion PD, Kittleson MD, Thomas WP et al. — J Am Vet Med Assoc, 201(2):267–274 1992
  4. Plasma Taurine Concentrations and M-Mode Echocardiographic Measures in Healthy Cats and in Cats with Dilated Cardiomyopathy
    Sisson DD, Knight DH, Helinski C et al. — J Vet Intern Med, 5(4):232–238 1991
  5. Effect of Pimobendan on the Clinical Outcome and Survival of Cats with Non-Taurine Responsive Dilated Cardiomyopathy
    Hambrook LE, Bennett PF — Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 14(4):233–239 2012
  6. Efficacy of Digoxin for Treatment of Cats with Dilated Cardiomyopathy
    Atkins CE, Snyder PS, Keene BW et al. — J Am Vet Med Assoc, 196(9):1463–1469 1990

Vision & Retinal Degeneration

  1. Nutritional Problems in Cats: Taurine Deficiency and Vitamin A Excess
    Hayes KC — Canadian Veterinary Journal, 23(1):10–16 1982
  2. Retinal Degeneration in Cats Fed Casein. I. Taurine Deficiency
    Schmidt SY, Berson EL, Hayes KC — Investigative Ophthalmology, 15(1):47–52 1976
  3. Taurine Deficiency Retinopathy in the Cat
    Barnett KC, Burger IH — Journal of Small Animal Practice, 21(10):521–534 1980
  4. An Ultrastructural Study of Nutritionally Induced and Reversed Retinal Degeneration in Cats
    Hayes KC, Rabin AR, Berson EL — American Journal of Pathology, 78(3):505–524 1975
  5. Tapetum Disorganization in Taurine-Depleted Cats
    Wen GY, Sturman JA, Wisniewski HM et al. — Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 18(11):1200–1206 1979

Immunity, Development & Reproduction

  1. Immunologic Consequences of Taurine Deficiency in Cats
    Schuller-Levis G, Mehta PD, Rudelli R, Sturman J — Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 47(4):321–331 1990
  2. Dietary Taurine and Feline Reproduction and Development
    Sturman JA, Gargano AD, Messing JM, Imaki H — Journal of Nutrition, 116(4):655–667 1986
  3. Taurine Deficiency in the Developing Cat: Persistence of the Cerebellar External Granule Cell Layer
    Sturman JA, Moretz RC, French JH, Wisniewski HM — Journal of Neuroscience Research, 13(3):405–416 1985
  4. Growth Depression in Taurine-Depleted Infant Monkeys
    Hayes KC, Stephan ZF, Sturman JA — Journal of Nutrition, 110(10):2058–2064 1980
  5. Biochemical Lesions Associated with Taurine Deficiency in the Cat
    Anderson PA, Baker DH, Corbin JE, Helper LC — Journal of Animal Science, 49(5):1227–1234 1979

Diet, Processing & Bioavailability

  1. Effect of Processing on Fate of Dietary [14C]Taurine in Cats
    Kim SW, Rogers QR, Morris JG — Journal of Nutrition, 120(9):1071–1077 1990
  2. Dietary Influence on Bile Acid Conjugation in the Cat
    Rabin B, Nicolosi RJ, Hayes KC — Journal of Nutrition, 106(9):1241–1246 1976
  3. Plasma Amino Acid and Whole Blood Taurine Concentrations in Cats Eating Commercially Prepared Diets
    Heinze CR, Larsen JA, Kass PH, Fascetti AJ — American Journal of Veterinary Research, 70(11):1374–1382 2009
  4. Whole-Blood Taurine Concentrations in Cats with Intestinal Disease
    Kathrani A, Allenspach K, Engeler R et al. — Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 31(4):1067–1073 2017
  5. Taurine Concentrations in Animal Feed Ingredients; Cooking Influences Taurine Content
    Spitze AR, Wong DL, Rogers QR, Fascetti AJ — Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 87(7-8):251–262 2003

Review Articles & Overviews

  1. The Biosynthesis, Function and Deficiency Signs of Taurine in Cats
    Jacobsen JG, Smith LH — Physiological Reviews 2000
  2. Taurine in Metabolism
    Hayes KC, Sturman JA — Annual Review of Nutrition, 1:401–425 1981
  3. Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) in Cats — Purina Institute Clinical Overview
    Purina Institute — Clinical Nutrition Resource 2023
  4. What Is New with Taurine? — Angell Animal Medical Center
    MSPCA-Angell — Clinical Review 2024
  5. Researchers Getting Closer to Understanding Dietary Taurine and Heart Disease
    Morris Animal Foundation — Research Overview 2017